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Viola nephrophylla - (image 1 of 6)

Taxonomy

Family: Violaceae

Habitat

Cold, calcareous wet areas.

Associates

 Distribution

Found primarily in mountainous regions of western North America but extending eastward into the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada.

Morphology

Acaulescent, glabrous perennial from a thick, fleshy rhizome. Leaves glabrous, rather small, rarely up to 7 cm wide; flowers elevated somewhat above the leaves, the lateral petals directed forward at an angle, tapering to an almost clawed base; spurred petal bearded or not; cleistogamous flowers on erect stalks; fruit green, short, egg-shaped; seeds green-black.

Notes

Flowers late April to June

Wetland indicator: FACW

A plant of northern calcareous wet areas, not really bogs but fens and wet depressions over limestone or calcareous shores. These plants were photographed in an alvar in northern NY.

References

Gleason, Henry A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Second Ed.

The New York Botanical Garden. Bronx, NY

Little, R.J. and L.E. McKinney. 2015. Viola. In: Flora of North America North of
Mexico, Vol. 6. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford.

USDA, NRCS. 2002. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov).

National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

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